Falls, ladders and scaffolds

Falls from ladders, scaffolds and edges are a serious hazard on construction and maintenance sites. Fall protection training rules differ across Canada, so this lesson covers the basics only.

Ladders

• Check that a ladder is the right tool for the job, then inspect it and read its labels before you use it.
• Set it on a firm, level, non-slippery surface and make sure it's tied or secured.
• For an extension ladder, place the feet so the distance out from the support is 1/4 of the working length (the “4 to 1” rule).
• When you use it to reach a landing, the ladder should extend at least 1 m (3 ft) above the landing.
• Keep three-point contact: two hands and one foot, or two feet and one hand, on the ladder at all times. Face the ladder.
• Don't carry tools or materials in your hands while you climb; use a hoist, hand-line or bucket.
• Don't stand on or above the top two steps of a stepladder, and don't climb higher than the fourth rung from the top of an extension ladder.
• Near electricity, never use an aluminum ladder; use one with non-conductive side rails, such as fibreglass. Keep ladders at least 10 ft (3 m) away from power lines.

Scaffolds

• Scaffolds must be installed, inspected and maintained according to standards, regulations and the manufacturer's instructions.
• Before using one, check the base, legs, braces, locking devices, ties, planks and guardrails.
• Working levels need guardrails, mid-rails and toe boards on all open sides and ends.
• Use the access ladder or stairs, not the frame or cross braces. Never put a ladder on a scaffold to gain height.
• Don't overload it, and don't work on it in storms or high winds.
• Wear head protection when working below a scaffold.

Elevating work platforms

Only operate a scissor lift or boom lift if you've had appropriate training on it. Inspect it, follow the manufacturer's instructions, and use fall protection when it's required.

Fall protection training

Every jurisdiction in Canada requires training on fall protection. Some go further: Ontario requires Working at Heights training from an approved provider for construction workers who use fall protection, and Newfoundland and Labrador requires a WorkplaceNL-prescribed program. Others, like Alberta, make the employer responsible for training you before you work where fall protection is needed. This lesson doesn't count as any of that training. See the tickets guide.